Investigating the diagnostic potential of IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-36γ in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with different periodontal conditions

Abstract

Background

The study aimed to analyze cytokine levels, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, and IL-36γ, to investigate the link between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in periodontal conditions and assess their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing between different types of periodontal conditions.

Methods

80 systemically healthy non-smokers (25 periodontally healthy, 25 with gingivitis, 30 with periodontitis) were included. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to determine the diagnostic value of cytokines.

Results

IL-36γ had the highest sensitivity for diagnosing periodontitis, although its specificity for identifying those without periodontitis was relatively low. The combination of IL-1β and IL-36γ was the most effective in differentiating periodontitis from periodontal health. IL-10 was found to be an acceptable discriminator for distinguishing gingivitis from healthy conditions. However, its sensitivity and specificity for identifying gingivitis were lower. The combination of the three cytokines showed the highest ability to distinguish between periodontitis and gingivitis.

Conclusion

The levels of IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-36γ in GCF may provide insights into periodontal health and disease status. Further studies are needed to validate these results and explore the potential of these cytokines in periodontal disease management.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

• All three of these cytokines exhibit exceptional diagnostic accuracy, particularly in distinguishing between chronic periodontitis and periodontal health.

• Moreover, the combination of IL-1β and IL-36γ stands out as the most accurate diagnostic indicator for periodontitis. This combination could serve as a robust biomarker panel for the early detection and monitoring of periodontal disease, potentially allowing for timely interventions to prevent disease progression.

Keywords:

• Cytokines
• gingival diseases
• periodontal diseases
• ROC curve and area under curve

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, MG, upon reasonable request.

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordinatorship (Konya, Turkey) with project number 15102001.