College students in Nigeria underestimate their risk of contracting HIV/AIDS infection

Abstract

Objectives To assess the perceptions of personal risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS infection among students of selected tertiary institutions in Osun State, Nigeria and to determine the correlates of perceptions of personal risk of infection.

Methods The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive design. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was applied to the 405 study participants and correlates of perceptions of personal risk of HIV infection were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis, confidence intervals and odd ratios.

Results Only 15% of the students perceived themselves to be at moderate-to-high risk of acquiring HIV infection compared with 85% who perceived themselves to be at little or no risk. Investigators' assessment of risk status of the participants revealed that 77% of the participants were actually at high risk of infection and only 23% at low risk. The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value of the students' self-perception of personal risk compared with their assessed risk were 7, 58 and 16%, respectively, with a Kappa statistic of 0.178. The only significant correlate of self-perception of personal risk was a recent symptom of sexually transmitted infections.

Conclusions College students exhibited an ‘optimism bias’ associating high rates of HIV risk indicators with low levels of perceived personal risk of infection. This has implications for HIV/AIDS control in Nigeria.

Key words:

• College students
• Risk perceptions
• HIV/AIDS infection
• Nigeria