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Abstract
The present research aimed to compare the hormonal profile, sperm quality and freezability of young and senile dogs. Dogs were assigned into Young Group (n = 11) and Senile Group (n = 11), additionally divided into Fresh Semen Group and Cryopreserved Semen Group. Males were evaluated for libido score and blood estrogen and testosterone assay. Sperm morphofunctional evaluations were performed based on Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis, morphology, mitochondrial activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity, and DNA fragmentation. Sperm oxidative features were: protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and production of advanced glycation end-products. Young dogs had higher libido score, sperm velocity average pathway, linearity of motility and mitochondrial activity index and lower percentage of major defects, total defects and proximal cytoplasmic droplet, despite the lack of difference between hormone profile of aged dogs. Fresh semen of senile dogs had increased percentage of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial membrane potential compared to young dogs and to cryopreserved sperm. Cryopreserved semen of young dogs had higher acrosomal membrane integrity compared to the Senile Group. In conclusion, sperm of aged dogs have reduced quality, signaled by higher morphological defects, ultimately altering sperm mitochondrial function and sperm kinetics. Furthermore, spermatozoa from senile dogs are more sensible to cryoinjury.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge Prof. Marcilio Nichi, Nicolle Gilda Teixeira Queiroz-Hazarbassanov, Prof. Cristina de Oliveira Massoco, Prof. Maria Helena Bellini, Camilla Mota, Prof. Mayra Elena Assumpção, Priscila Viau, Prof. Claudio Alvarenga and Prof. Ricardo Pereira for their valuable methodological support.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
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Notes on contributors
Maíra Morales Brito
All authors carried out the experiment. Maíra M. Brito, Daniel S. R. Angrimani and Camila I. Vannucchi analyzed the data. All authors drafted the article.
Daniel de Souza Ramos Angrimani
All authors carried out the experiment. Maíra M. Brito, Daniel S. R. Angrimani and Camila I. Vannucchi analyzed the data. All authors drafted the article.
Giulia Kiyomi Vechiato Kawai
All authors carried out the experiment. Maíra M. Brito, Daniel S. R. Angrimani and Camila I. Vannucchi analyzed the data. All authors drafted the article.
Camila Infantosi Vannucchi
All authors carried out the experiment. Maíra M. Brito, Daniel S. R. Angrimani and Camila I. Vannucchi analyzed the data. All authors drafted the article.