Abstract
Chronic disseminated candidiasis is a serious fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, particularly those undergoing therapy for acute leukemia. Coordination between innate and adaptive immune system is critical to resistance or susceptibility to Candida infection. In order to investigate possible genetic contribution to chronic disseminated candidiasis of key molecules in the innate immune pathway, we performed a case control study using the candidate gene approach. Forty subjects with chronic disseminated candidiasis and 50 controls without chronic disseminated candidiasis but an underlying diagnosis of leukemia were enrolled in the Helsinki University Central Hospital during the period 1980–1998. Candidate genes were selected for analysis based upon the following criteria: a common polymorphism (>5% frequency) and existence a priori of clinical and biological data suggesting a role for the variant in the pathogenesis of chronic disseminated candidiasis. Six genes were selected from critical microbicidal and innate immune pathways, including three low-affinity Fcγ receptors (FCGR2A, FCGR3A and FCGR3B), chitotriosidase (CHIT1), p22-phox NADPH oxidase (CYBA), and mannose binding lectin (MBL2). There was no statistically significant association of susceptibility to chronic disseminated candidiasis with the polymorphisms in this study. Common variants in the six studied genes most likely do not contribute to the risk for chronic disseminated candidiasis in patients with acute leukemia.