A pas de deux of osteoporosis and sarcopenia: osteosarcopenia

Abstract

The musculoskeletal conditions osteoporosis and sarcopenia are highly prevalent in older adults. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone, whereas sarcopenia is identified by the loss of muscle strength, function and mass. Osteoporosis represents a major health problem contributing to millions of fractures worldwide on an annual basis, whereas sarcopenia is associated with a range of adverse physical and metabolic outcomes. They both affect physical and social function, confidence and quality of life as well as contributing to high health-care costs worldwide. Osteosarcopenia is the term given when both conditions occur concomitantly and it has been suggested that interactions between these two conditions may accelerate individual disease progression as co-existence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia is associated with higher morbidity from falls, fracture, disability as well as mortality. In this review, we will outline the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical consequences of osteosarcopenia and discuss available management strategies.

骨质疏松和肌少症的双人舞：肌肉骨骼减少 摘要

骨质疏松和肌少症在老年肌肉、骨骼的疾病中非常普遍。骨质疏松以低骨量和骨微结构损伤为特征, 而肌少症则以肌肉力量、功能和重量的缺失为特征。骨质疏松是一个重要的健康问题, 每年在全世界造成数以百万计的骨折, 而肌少症则与一系列不良的机体代谢结局有关。两者都能影响身心功能、自信及生活质量, 并且是全世界医疗保健费用高昂的原因之一。肌肉骨骼减少是指两种疾病同时发生, 研究表明, 这两种疾病的相互作用可能会加速疾病的进展, 因为骨质疏松与肌少症的并存, 可能增加跌倒、骨折、残疾的发生率及死亡率。本综述将概述肌肉骨骼减少的流行病现状, 发病机制及其临床结局, 并探讨适用的管理策略。

Keywords:

• Osteoporosis
• sarcopenia
• osteosarcopenia
• postmenopausal women
• epidemiology
• management

Potential conflict of interest

E.D. has received honoraria from Lilly, UCB and Pfizer. F.L. and H.P.P. are supported by the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Nutrition, and the University of Southampton. H.P.P. has received lecture fees from Abbott, Pfizer and HC-UK conferences outside the submitted work. C.C. has received lecture fees and honoraria from Amgen, Danone, Eli Lilly, GSK, Kyowa Kirin, Medtronic, Merck, Nestlé, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Servier, Shire, Takeda and UCB outside the submitted work.

Source of funding

Nil.