Therapeutic and fertility restoration effects of Ionidium suffruticosum on sub-fertile male albino Wistar rats: effects on testis and caudal spermatozoa

Abstract

Context: Ionidium suffruticosum (L.) Ging (Violaceae) is an important medicinal plant widely used as a herbal traditional medicine in Ayurveda for the treatment of infertility. Currently, little pharmacological information is available on its male fertility properties following prolonged use.

Objective: To investigate I. suffruticosum leaf extracts for male fertility parameters.

Materials and methods: The ethanol lyophilized fraction was administered orally on carbendazim-induced sub-fertility rats (250 mg/kg body weight for 28 days). The effects of fractions on rat’s fertility parameters i.e., body and testes weight, sperm motility, sperm vitality, epididymal sperm counts, its morphology, enzyme and antioxidant stress and histopathology were studied and compared with clomiphene citrate.

Results: The sub-fertile male rats treated with I. suffruticosum leaf extract increased the body weight of 7 g, testis weight of 97 mg, increased cauda epididymal sperm counts of 34.2 × 10⁶ sperm/mL, motility of sperm 46% and vitality 28% also increased and normal sperm morphology also improved up to 32%. The carbendazim-treated group showed loss in body weight of 33 g, testis weight of 851 mg, decreased epididymal sperm counts of 15 × 10⁶ sperm/mL, with sluggish motility and a highly significant fall in the live sperms of about 57%.

Discussion and conclusion: The leaf fraction of I. suffructicosum increased the testicular weight, spermatogenesis, sperm counts, lessened sperm agglutination, and increased testicular oxidative biomarkers, SOD, and CAT. This study therefore supports the usage of I. suffructicosum in traditional medicine for infertility.

Keywords:

• Male reproduction
• sperm motility
• spermatogenesis
• epididymal sperm
• malondialdehyde
• catalase
• superoxide dismutase

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr K. Sridar Komuddy (Professor-Animal sciences) for his warm support and critical evaluation of the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

The authors have declared having no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the University Research Fellowship [No. 29614].