Antifungal and antioxidant activities of Coleonema album and C. pulchellum against skin diseases

Abstract

Context: Coleonema album (Thunb) Bart. & H. L. Wendl (Rutaceae) has been used in the formulation of skincare products, and the Khoisan people rub it on their skin to add luster. Coleonema pulchellum I. Williams has received less attention in the South African traditional medicine.

Objective: This study investigates the antifungal and antioxidant activities of C. album and C. pulchellum essential oil (EO) and leaf extracts; and analyzes the chemical components of their EOs.

Materials and methods: Antifungal activity of leaf extracts was determined using the microdilution method with griseofulvin and ketoconazole as controls. Antifungal capacity of EO was investigated using the ‘Volatile release plate method’. Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 28188) and T. mentagrophytes (ATCC 9533) mycelia (0.3 cm diameter) were placed on fresh yeast malt agar in Petri dishes with filter paper (impregnated with 20 μL of EO) on the lid for direct exposure to EO volatiles while plates without EO were used as controls. The incubation time was seven days. Antioxidant activities of the leaf extracts were determined.

Results: Methanol leaf extract of C. pulchellum inhibited the growth of three fungi tested with MIC values of 195, 391 and 49 μg/mL for Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum, respectively. Terpenes formed the major components of the EO. The EO from both plants inhibited the growth of T. rubrum in vitro.

Discussion and conclusion: This study revealed the therapeutic value of C. pulchellum. Coleonema album and C. pulchellum should be considered as potential plants for skin ointment from natural origin.

Keywords:

• Atopic dermatitis
• Trichophyton rubrum
• Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Acknowledgements

We thank our Czech Republic collaborator (Prof Karel Doležal) for his support. Fajinmi OO gratefully acknowledges Dr Tibor Beres (Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Czech Republic); Anthony Hitchcock and Roger Oliver (South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch, Republic of South Africa); Dr Bhekumthetho Ncube (Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal); Mrs Alison Young (University of KwaZulu-Natal Botanical Garden); and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (Kirstenbosch).

Disclosure statement

The authors do not have any conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

J.G. and P.T. acknowledges the support of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic (Grant LO1204 from the National Program of Sustainability).