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Abstract
Context: Crataegus aronia (Willd.) Bosc (Rosaceae) (syn. Azarolus L) is traditionally used to treat cardiovascular disorders.
Objectives: To investigate C. aronia protection against a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced vascular inflammation in rats.
Materials and methods: Wistar Male rats (180–220 g) were divided (n = 10/group) as control fed a standard diet (STD), STD + C. aronia (200 mg/kg, orally), HFD, HFD + C. aronia and HFD post-treated with C. aronia. Simvastatin (20 mg/kg) was co- or post-administered as a positive control drug. HFD was given for 8 weeks, and all other treatments were administered for 4 weeks.
Results: Most significantly, co-administration of C. aronia to HFD-fed rats reduced the thickness of aorta tunica media (90 ± 5 vs. 160 ± 11.3 µm) and adventitia (54.3 ± 3.8 vs. 93.6 ± 9.4 µm). It also lowered protein levels of TNF-α (0.51 ± 0.15 and 0.15 ± 0.16 vs. 0.1 ± 0.09%) and IL-6 (0.52 ± 0.19 vs. 1.0 ± 0.2%) in their aorta or serum (5.9 ± 0.91 vs. 12.98 ± 1.3 ng/mL and 78.1 ± 6.7 vs. 439 ± 78 pg/mL, respectively). It also lowered all serum lipids and increased aorta levels of GSH levels (70.4 ± 4.0 vs. 40.7 µM) and activity of SOD (5.7 ± 0.7 vs. 2.9 ± 0.6 U/mg) and decreased serum levels of ox-LDL-c (566.7 ± 46 vs. 1817 ± 147 ng/mL). Such effects were more profound than all other treatments.
Conclusions: C. aronia inhibits the HFD-induced vascular inflammation and its use in clinical trials is recommended.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude and thanks to the staff of the department of pharmacognosy at the college of pharmacy at King Khalid University for their contribution to the current work.
Disclosure statement
The authors have not disclosed any affiliation or financial involvement with organizations or entities with a direct financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Abdullah S. Shatoor
Abdullah Shatoor and Suliman Al Humayed designed the study and the experimental procedure. Abdullah Shatoor received the fund. Mahmoud Alkhateeb, Khalid Shatoor, Mohammad Alassiri measured the biochemical parameters and collected data. Hussein Aldera, Ali Shati, Abduallah Shatoor analyzed the data and graphed the results. Abdullah Shatoor, Mahmoud Alkhateeb, Hussein Aldera prepared the initial version of the manuscript. Suliman Al Humayed, Abdullah Shatoor, Ali Shati finalized the manuscript and prepared it for submission.
Suliman Al Humayed
Abdullah Shatoor and Suliman Al Humayed designed the study and the experimental procedure. Abdullah Shatoor received the fund. Mahmoud Alkhateeb, Khalid Shatoor, Mohammad Alassiri measured the biochemical parameters and collected data. Hussein Aldera, Ali Shati, Abduallah Shatoor analyzed the data and graphed the results. Abdullah Shatoor, Mahmoud Alkhateeb, Hussein Aldera prepared the initial version of the manuscript. Suliman Al Humayed, Abdullah Shatoor, Ali Shati finalized the manuscript and prepared it for submission.
Mahmoud A. Alkhateeb
Abdullah Shatoor and Suliman Al Humayed designed the study and the experimental procedure. Abdullah Shatoor received the fund. Mahmoud Alkhateeb, Khalid Shatoor, Mohammad Alassiri measured the biochemical parameters and collected data. Hussein Aldera, Ali Shati, Abduallah Shatoor analyzed the data and graphed the results. Abdullah Shatoor, Mahmoud Alkhateeb, Hussein Aldera prepared the initial version of the manuscript. Suliman Al Humayed, Abdullah Shatoor, Ali Shati finalized the manuscript and prepared it for submission.
Khalid A. Shatoor
Abdullah Shatoor and Suliman Al Humayed designed the study and the experimental procedure. Abdullah Shatoor received the fund. Mahmoud Alkhateeb, Khalid Shatoor, Mohammad Alassiri measured the biochemical parameters and collected data. Hussein Aldera, Ali Shati, Abduallah Shatoor analyzed the data and graphed the results. Abdullah Shatoor, Mahmoud Alkhateeb, Hussein Aldera prepared the initial version of the manuscript. Suliman Al Humayed, Abdullah Shatoor, Ali Shati finalized the manuscript and prepared it for submission.
Hussain Aldera
Abdullah Shatoor and Suliman Al Humayed designed the study and the experimental procedure. Abdullah Shatoor received the fund. Mahmoud Alkhateeb, Khalid Shatoor, Mohammad Alassiri measured the biochemical parameters and collected data. Hussein Aldera, Ali Shati, Abduallah Shatoor analyzed the data and graphed the results. Abdullah Shatoor, Mahmoud Alkhateeb, Hussein Aldera prepared the initial version of the manuscript. Suliman Al Humayed, Abdullah Shatoor, Ali Shati finalized the manuscript and prepared it for submission.
Mohammed Alassiri
Abdullah Shatoor and Suliman Al Humayed designed the study and the experimental procedure. Abdullah Shatoor received the fund. Mahmoud Alkhateeb, Khalid Shatoor, Mohammad Alassiri measured the biochemical parameters and collected data. Hussein Aldera, Ali Shati, Abduallah Shatoor analyzed the data and graphed the results. Abdullah Shatoor, Mahmoud Alkhateeb, Hussein Aldera prepared the initial version of the manuscript. Suliman Al Humayed, Abdullah Shatoor, Ali Shati finalized the manuscript and prepared it for submission.
Ali A. Shati
Abdullah Shatoor and Suliman Al Humayed designed the study and the experimental procedure. Abdullah Shatoor received the fund. Mahmoud Alkhateeb, Khalid Shatoor, Mohammad Alassiri measured the biochemical parameters and collected data. Hussein Aldera, Ali Shati, Abduallah Shatoor analyzed the data and graphed the results. Abdullah Shatoor, Mahmoud Alkhateeb, Hussein Aldera prepared the initial version of the manuscript. Suliman Al Humayed, Abdullah Shatoor, Ali Shati finalized the manuscript and prepared it for submission.