Cytokines produced by innate immune cells in IgG4-related disease

Abstract

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a newly defined multi-organ disease proposed by Japanese physicians. IgG4-RD is characterized by elevated serum levels of IgG4 and massive infiltration of IgG4-expressing plasma cells in the affected organs. Recent studies have shown that abnormal adaptive immune responses mediated by T helper type 2 cells, regulatory T cells, follicular helper T cells, cytotoxic CD4⁺ T cells, and plasmablasts are involved in IgG4-RD immunopathogenesis. In addition to adaptive immune responses, innate immune responses play pathogenic roles in IgG4-RD. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), M2 macrophages, and basophils are activated to produce various kinds of cytokines in IgG4-RD. Recent studies highlight the importance of type I IFN and IL-33 produced by pDCs in IgG4-RD immunopathogenesis.

Keywords:

• IgG4-related disease
• autoimmune pancreatitis
• innate immunity

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Naito Foundation, Yakult Bio-Science Foundation, Smoking Research Foundation, Takeda Science Foundation, and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) Grants for Research on Intractable Diseases.