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Abstract
Objectives : Our objective is to make the New Deal on junior doctors' hours sufficiently precise that the definitions may be used as a basis for computer software that checks the compliance of rotas or that automatically generates compliant rotas. Methods : We formalize the clauses of the New Deal, as relevant to 'full shifts', using the Z specification language. Results : The mathematical definitions are simple and concise. Conclusions : Mathematical specification is a useful way to express constraints on rotas unambiguously.