In-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic properties of metal-based furanyl derived sulfonamides

Abstract

A new series of antibacterial and antifungal furanyl-derived sulfonamides and their cobalt (II), copper (II), nickel (II) and zinc (II) metal complexes have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in-vitro antibacterial activity against four Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi) and two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains and, for in-vitro antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata. The results of these studies revealed that all compounds showed significant to moderate antibacterial activity. However, the zinc (II) complexes were found to be comparatively much more active as compared to the others. For antifungal activity generally, compounds (22) and (24) showed significant activity against Escherichia coli (a), (6) against Shigella flexeneri (b), (16) and (22) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (c), (14) and (16) against Salmonella typhi (d), (9) against Staphylococcus aureus (e) and, (14) and (16) against Bacillus subtilis (f) fungal strains. The brine shrimp (Artemia salina) bioassay was also carried out to study their in-vitro cytotoxic properties. Only three compounds, (6), (10) and (23) displayed potent cytotoxic activity with LD₅₀ = 1.8535 × 10^{− 4}, 1.8173 × 10^{− 4} and 1.9291 × 10^{− 4} respectively.

Keywords::

• Sulfonamides
• metal complexes
• antibacterial
• antifungal
• cytotoxicity

Acknowledgements

One of the authors (ZHC) wishes to thank Higher Education Commission (HEC), Government of Pakistan for the financial assistance and Department of State U.S.A for Fulbright Award to carry out this research project.

Notes

^†Present Address: Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204 (U.S.A).