Design, synthesis and pharmacological screening of a series of N¹-(substituted)aryl-5,7-dimethyl-2-(substituted)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones as potential histamine H₁-receptor antagonists

Abstract

A series of N₁-(substituted)aryl-5,7-dimethyl-2-(substituted)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one was designed on the basis of the triangular pharmacophoric requirement of histamine H₁-receptor antagonists. The designed series was synthesized by cyclo-condensation of monoaryl thiourea with ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of dry HCl gas to give N₁-(substituted aryl)-2-mercaptopyrimidine-4(3H)-one, which on cyclo-condensation with acetylacetone gave the pyridopyrimidinone. Further methylation of the mercapto group at C-2 with methyl iodide followed by nucleophilic displacement of the methylmercapto group by various amines gave the targeted compounds. All the synthesized compounds were screened for histamine H₁-receptor antagonistic activity by the in vitro method of inhibition of the isotonic contraction induced by histamine on isolated guinea pig ileum using cetirizine as a standard drug. All the compounds exhibited potent histamine H₁-receptor antagonistic activity with pA₂ values from 7.30– 9.75 (cetirizine, pA₂ value 9.40). The potent compounds were screened for their in vivo antihistaminic activity by protection of animal from asphyxic shock. The sedative potential of potent compounds was checked on albino mice by photoactometer and they had comparative sedative potential to the standard drug cetirizine. None of the compound exhibited anticholinergic activity in the in vitro rat ileum model.

Keywords::

• Histamine
• H₁-receptor antagonist
• allergy
• pyrido (2,3-d)pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones