Pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines: RTS,S, R21, and beyond

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size

Declaration of interests

E A Hammershaimb and A A Berry are investigators for studies of COVID-19 vaccines developed by Novavax, and A A Berry is an investigator for studies of PfSPZ Vaccine. In all cases, their institution receives funding through federal agencies, and the authors do not have direct financial relationships with the vaccine manufacturers. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or material discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Reviewer disclosures

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial or other relationships to disclose.

Author contributions

Both authors contributed substantially to the conception of this editorial and interpretation of relevant literature. E. Adrianne Hammershaimb wrote the initial draft and Andrea A. Berry critically revised the manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

This paper was not funded.