Plasma apelin and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in preterm infants: relationship to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Abstract

Aim

The study aimed to determine the association between cord plasma levels of apelin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants.

Methods

This case-control study included 120 preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital between January 2019 and January 2020. The infants were divided into RDS (n = 60) and non-RDS groups (n = 60). The cord plasma apelin and VEGF levels, perinatal characteristics, and neonatal complications were compared between the two groups.

Results

The plasma apelin levels in the RDS group were significantly higher than in the non-RDS group (158.9 ± 24.8 vs. 125.2 ± 18.2 pg/mL, respectively), whereas VEGF levels in the non-RDS group were significantly higher than in the RDS group (187.4 ± 28.5 vs. 245.1 ± 44.8 pg/mL, respectively) (both p < .001). Infants with more severe RDS had higher plasma apelin levels and lower plasma VEGF levels. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for the prediction of RDS, a cutoff of 148.4 pg/mL for apelin level yielded a sensitivity of 63.3% and a specificity of 95.0%, whereas a cutoff of 214.2 pg/mL for VEGF level showed a sensitivity of 86.7% and a specificity of 75.0%. Apelin levels were negatively correlated with VEGF levels in infants with RDS (r = 0.84, p < .001).

Conclusion

Differences in cord plasma apelin and VEGF levels may aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of RDS in preterm infants.

Keywords:

• Apelin
• vascular endothelial growth factor
• respiratory distress syndrome
• preterm infant

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. Huixin Liu (Department of Academic Research, Peking University People's Hospital) for her help with data analysis.

Author contributions

Xiaorui Zhang and Yimin Zhang conceived and designed this study. Yimin Zhang and Shuming Shao collected the clinical data and blood samples. Yimin Zhang and Qing Mu did the ELISA experiments. Yimin Zhang, Jing Feng and Xiaorui Zhang analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. Jie Liu, Chaomei Zeng and Jiong Qin did the follow-up examination. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Foundation of 2018 Beijing Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project-Pediatrics [2199000726] and Peking University People's Hospital Research and Development Funds [RDC 2015-21].