https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9021-1551
![Sample our Engineering & Technology journals, sign in here to start your access, latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5933/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Engineering-Tech.jpg"})
ABSTRACT
Forestry in general and the wood supply chain in particular are facing a wide range of challenges. Digitalization seems to be able to provide a remedy, but the forest-based sector’s high degree of heterogeneity and the large number of actors hampers the search for solutions – in Germany and beyond. In the presented Smart Forestry approach, we apply concepts from Forestry 4.0 to achieve intelligent and fully integrated timber harvesting. It is based on digital twins that are networked and orchestrated in an Internet of Things. First, we reengineer existing forestry processes, identify the relevant objects and messages, and specify templates for digital twins. The necessary Internet of Things technologies are selected and enhanced for use in forestry. Finally, we build first prototypes of the target system that are the basis for upcoming reference experiments in practice – from the forest owner via production in the forest and logistics to the timber buyer.
Acknowledgements
The authors are part of the Smart Forestry joint project and want to thank the other partners for their support: Hohenloher Spezial-Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG (HSM), ANDREAS STIHL AG & Co. KG, UPM Biochemicals GmbH, and State Enterprise Forestry and Timber NRW (Forestry Education Center).
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Abbreviations
| 3G | = | Third Generation (wireless mobile telecommunication) |
| AMQP | = | Advanced Message Queuing Protocol |
| API | = | Application Programming Interface |
| BLE | = | Bluetooth Low Energy |
| BPMN | = | Business Process Model and Notation |
| CAN | = | Controller Area Network |
| DID | = | Decentralized Identifier |
| DT | = | Digital Twin |
| ERP | = | Enterprise Resource Planning |
| FDI | = | Forwarding Delivery Instruction (StanForD 2010) |
| FOI | = | Forwarding Object Instruction (StanForD 2010) |
| ForestML 4.0 | = | Forest Modeling Language 4.0 |
| FPR | = | Forwarded Production (StanForD 2010) |
| GIS | = | Geographic Information System |
| HPR | = | Harvested Production (StanForD 2010) |
| IoT | = | Internet of Things |
| IT | = | Information Technology |
| JSON | = | JavaScript Object Notation |
| JWT | = | JSON Web Token |
| KWH4.0 | = | Kompetenzzentrum Wald und Holz 4.0 |
| LTE | = | Long-Term Evolution |
| OBC | = | On-board Computer |
| OIN | = | Object Instruction (StanForD 2010) |
| = | Portable Document Format | |
| PIN | = | Product Instruction (StanForD 2010) |
| POI | = | Point of Interest |
| REST | = | Representational State Transfer |
| S3I | = | Smart Systems Service Infrastructure |
| SPI | = | Species Group Instruction (StanForD 2010) |
| StanForD | = | Standard for Forestry Data and Communication |
| UML | = | Unified Modeling Language |
| USB | = | Universal Serial Bus |
| VC | = | Verifiable Credential |
Notes
4. “Entity which is owned by or under the custodial duties of an organization, having either a perceived or actual value to the organization.” (CitationPlattform Industrie 4.0).
5. Adapted from “Industrie 4.0 component” (CitationPlattform Industrie 4.0).
7. Available via https://git.rwth-aachen.de/smart-forestry/result
8. ELDATsmart is a German standard format for timber and operational data in timber logistics.