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Original Article

The effect of longitudinal noise exposure on behavioral audiograms and transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions

El efecto de la exposición longitudinal a ruido en audiometría conductual y en emisiones otoacústicas evocadas por transitorios

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Pages 119-127 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

The ear vulnerability of a group of combat soldiers was tested. The study initially included 84 soldiers and lasted two years. The soldiers were exposed to the noise of small-arms fire. Measurements included transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and pure-tone audiometry. Measurements, initially performed prior to the soldiers’ basic training, were repeated several times during the study. In general, TEOAE levels (Em) decreased over time. About 57% of the ears developed a slight hearing loss (SHL) after two years of noise exposure. We define SHL as a threshold shift of 10 dB or greater, in at least at one of the audiometric frequencies 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, or 6000 Hz. About 63% of the tested ears that had medium TEOAE level (1<Em<8 dB SPL) prior to the noise exposure, developed SHL. On the other hand, among the ears whose Em were either very low (Em1 dB SPL) or very high (Em8 dB SPL), less than 30% developed SHL. We suggest a prediction for ear vulnerability on the basis of Em prior to noise exposure.

Sumario

Se evaluó la vulnerabilidad del oído en un grupo de soldados de combate. Inicialmente el estudio incluyó 84 soldados y duró dos años. Los soldados fueron expuestos a ruido de detonación de armas cortas. Las mediciones incluyeron emisiones otoacústicas evocadas por transitorios (TEOAE) y audiometría de tonos puros. Las mediciones realizadas antes del estudio, se repitieron varias veces durante éste. En general los niveles de las TEOAE (Em) decrecieron con el tiempo. Cerca del 57% de los oídos desarrollaron hipoacusia superficial (SHL) después de dos años de exposición a ruido. Definimos SHL como un aumento del umbral de 10 dB o mayor en al menos una de las frecuencias audiométricas de 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 kHz. Como en un 63% de los oídos evaluados que tenían un nivel medio de TEOAE (1<Em<8 dB SPL) antes de la exposición a ruido, desarrollaron SHL. Por otro lado, entre los oídos en los que Em era muy baja (Em1 dB SPL) o muy alta (Em8 dB SPL), menos del 30% desarrollaron SHL. Sugerimos la predicción de la vulnerabilidad del oído con base en Em antes de la exposición a ruido.

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