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Original Article

A model of the occlusion effect with bone-conducted stimulation

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Pages 595-608 | Received 09 Aug 2006, Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

An acoustical model using simplified ear anatomy was designed to predict the ear-canal sound pressure occlusion effect in humans. These predictions were compared perceptually as well as with ear-canal sound pressure occlusion effect measurements using a foam earplug with shallow insertion, a foam earplug with deep insertion into the bony part of the ear canal, and a circumaural earmuff. There was good resemblance between model predictions and ear-canal sound pressure measurements. It was also found that all occlusion positions, even deep ear-canal occlusion, produced noticeable occlusion effects. With the bone-conduction transducer at the forehead, the perceived occlusion effect was close to that obtained from ear-canal sound pressure data in the 0.3 to 2 kHz frequency range; when the stimulation was at the mastoid the difference between the perceived and measured ear-canal sound pressure occlusion effect was around 10 dB at frequencies below 1 kHz. Further, the occlusion effect was obtained in two clinical settings: with supra-aural earphones (TDH39), and insert earphones (CIR22). Although both transducers produced occlusion effects, insert earphones produced a greater effect than surpa-aural earphones at the low frequencies.

Acronyms
AC=

Air-conduction

BC=

Bone conduction

TM=

Tympanic membrane

Acronyms
AC=

Air-conduction

BC=

Bone conduction

TM=

Tympanic membrane

Sumario

Se diseñó un modelo acústico utilizando la anatomía simplificada del oído para predecir el efecto de oclusión de la presión sonora en humanos. Estas predicciones se compararon tanto perceptualmente como con mediciones de presión sonora en el conducto auditivo utilizando un tapón esponja con inserción superficial, un tapón esponja de inserción profunda en la parte ósea del conducto y un rodete acolchonado alrededor del pabellón. Hubo semejanza entre las predicciones del modelo y las mediciones de presión sonora en el conducto auditivo. También se encontró que las posiciones de oclusión, incluso la oclusión profunda, producen un efecto notorio de oclusión. Con el transductor óseo en la frente, el efecto oclusivo percibido estuvo cerca del obtenido en los resultados de presión sonora en el conducto auditivo, en el rango de 0.3 a 2 kHz; cuando la estimulación era sobre la mastoides, la diferencia entre el efecto oclusivo percibido y medido fue alrededor de 10dB en las frecuencias menores a 1kHz. Aún, el efecto oclusivo se obtuvo en dos condiciones clínicas: con auriculares supra-aurales (TDH39) y audífonos de inserción (CIR22). Aunque ambos transductores producen efecto oclusivo, los audífonos de inserción producen un mayor efecto que los auriculares supra-aurales en las frecuencias bajas.

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