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Original Articles

Hearing loss in Mozambique: Current data from Inhambane Province

Pages S49-S56 | Received 03 Jun 2008, Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Mozambique is a developing African country recuperating from a lengthy civil war. As a result, documenting the incidence of hearing loss has remained a low priority. This paper provides results from work being carried out by the Mozambique Audiology Program (MAP), which is a philanthropic effort established in 1997 to introduce audiology services and identify auditory disorders in the country. Some decades before the MAP, another program reported extremely high incidence rates of otitis media in 1000 primary school students in the capital city of Maputo. This paper presents the MAP results from mass hearing screenings conducted over a two year period on a cohort group of 2685 students ranging in age from 3–18 years at a preschool and primary school in Chicuque and Maxixe, Mozambique. This current study showed a prevalence of 5% of the total 2685 students across ages with varying degrees of hearing loss resulting from multiple etiologies. External auditory canal obstruction was the greatest otoscopic abnormality (regardless of age), followed by severely limited tympanic membrane mobility (i.e. flat tympanogram) in the absence of EAC obstruction in those students identified with hearing loss. Of the 145 student identified with hearing loss, there were 27 found to have active drainage. Some of the benefits of conducting mass hearing screening in this population are discussed.

Abbreviations
EAC=

External auditory canal

OME=

Otitis media with effusion

TEOAE=

Transient evoked otoacoustic emission

Abbreviations
EAC=

External auditory canal

OME=

Otitis media with effusion

TEOAE=

Transient evoked otoacoustic emission

Mozambique es un país africano en desarrollo que está recuperándose de una prolongada guerra civil. Como resultado, la documentación de la incidencia de las pérdidas auditivas ha constituido una baja prioridad. Este trabajo aporta resultados de una labor llevada a cabo por el Programa de Audiología de Mozambique (MAP), que es un esfuerzo filantrópico establecido en 1997 para introducir servicios audiológicos e identificar trastornos auditivos en el país. Algunas décadas antes del MAP, otro programa reportó tasas extremadamente altas de otitis media en 1000 estudiantes de escuela primaria, en la ciudad capital: Maputo. Este trabajo presenta los resultados del MAP a partir del tamiz auditivo masivo conducido durante un período de dos años con una cohorte de 2.685 estudiantes, con edades entre 3–18 años, en un centro escolar y pre-escolar en Chicuque y Maxixe, Mozambique. Este estudio mostró una prevalencia de 5% en un total de 2.685 estudiantes, de todas las edades y con grados variables de hipoacusia, como resultado de múltiples etiologías. La obstrucción del conducto auditivo externo fue la anormalidad otoscópica mayor (sin importar la edad), seguida de movilidades timpánicas severamente limitadas (p.e., timpanogramas planos) en ausencia de obstrucción del CAE, en aquellos estudiantes identificados con hipoacusia. De los 145 estudiantes identificados con hipoacusia, se encontró que 27 tenía supuración activa. Se discuten algunos de los beneficios de conducir programas masivos de identificación auditiva.

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