Co-Administration of Monoisoamyl Dimercaptosuccinic Acid and Moringa Oleifera Seed Powder Protects Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress and Metal Distribution in Mice

Abstract

Arsenic contamination of groundwater in the West Bengal basin in India is unfolding as one of the worst natural geo-environmental disasters to date. Chelation therapy with chelating agents is considered to be the best known treatment against arsenic poisoning; however, they are compromised with certain serious drawbacks/side-effects. Efficacy of combined administration of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) (English: Drumstick tree) seed powder, a herbal extract, with a thiol chelator monoisoamyl DMSA (MiADMSA) post-arsenic exposure in mice was studied. Mice were exposed to 100 ppm arsenic in drinking water for 6 months, followed by 10-days treatment with M. oleifera seed powder (500 mg/kg, orally through gastric gavage, once daily), MiADMSA (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, once daily) either individually or in combination. Arsenic exposure caused significant decrease in blood glutathione, δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species in blood and soft tissues. Significant inhibition of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in tissues (liver in particular) along with significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and metallothionein levels in arsenic intoxicated mice was also noted. Combined administration of MiADMSA with M. oleifera proved better than all other treatments in the recovery of most of the above parameters accompanied by more pronounced depletion of arsenic. The results suggest that concomitant administration of M. oleifera during chelation treatment with MiADMSA might be a better treatment option than monotherapy with the thiol chelator in chronic arsenic toxicity.

KEYWORDS:

• Arsenic toxicity
• Herbal extract
• Moringa oleifera
• Chelation therapy
• Oxidative stress
• Metal distribution
• Mice

The authors thank Dr R. Vijayaraghavan, Director of the establishment, for his support and encouragement, and Dr M. M. Srivastava, Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, for the supply of M. oleifera seed powder. Deepshikha Mishra thanks the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, for the award of a Senior Research Fellowship.