https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4470-5427
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ABSTRACT
The use of fossil-based fuels in internal combustion engines has become a major challenge and faces with serious transformation regarding emissions. Herein, alternative fuel usage becomes prominent, thanks to a great reduction of these emissions. In this study, using 20% (B20), 50% (B50), and 100% (B100) of waste frying oil biodiesel (WFOB)–diesel blends has been experimentally and theoretically investigated on emission and performance parameters at full load conditions of 1,500–3,000 rpm ranges in the diesel engine. According to the experimental results, it has been shown that torque has not changed significantly, but brake specific fuel consumption enhanced up to 12.98% owing to the lower heating value of biodiesel. In terms of emissions, biodiesel fuels reveal different results. Whereas HC, CO2, and NOx slightly increase with B100, all emissions almost reduce with B20, including NOx and smoke opacity. Maximum reductions of B20 are obtained as 4.51% in CO2, 29.27% in CO, 39.06% in HC, 6.52% in NOx, and 25% in smoke opacity emissions. In compliance with theoretical results, usage of biodiesel reduces exergy destruction rate as up to 7.03% and increases exergetic efficiency as up to 5.86% compared to neat diesel except 2,700–3,000 rpm. Consequently, the small addition of waste frying oil biodiesel as 20% is an optimum solution under favor of minimum increase of specific fuel consumption and reduction in all emissions.
Nomenclature
| ASTM | = | American Society for Testing and Materials |
| BSFC | = | Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (g/kWh) |
| B20 | = | 20% biodiesel – 80% diesel ratio blend |
| B50 | = | 50% biodiesel – 50% diesel ratio blend |
| B100 | = | 100% biodiesel |
| C | = | Carbon |
| CA | = | Crank angle |
| CNT | = | Carbon nanotube |
| ēkCH | = | Standard molar chemical exergy (kj/mol) |
| EGR | = | Exhaust gas recirculation |
| = | Energy rate (kW) | |
| = | Exergy rate (kW) | |
| ε | = | Chemical exergy (kj/mol) |
| = | Molar enthalpy (kj/mol) | |
| IMO | = | International Maritime Organization |
| Subscript | ||
| 0 | = | Reference state |
| chem | = | Chemical |
| cw | = | Cooling water |
| dest | = | Destruction |
| = | Mass flow rate (kg/s) | |
| N | = | Engine speed (rpm) |
| = | Molar flow rate (mol/s) | |
| PM | = | Particulate matter |
| = | Heat transfer rate (kW) | |
| = | Molar gas constant (kj/molK) | |
| = | Molar entropy (kj/mol) | |
| SOx | = | Sulfur oxides |
| T | = | Torque (Nm) |
| TBC | = | Thermal barrier coating |
| = | Work rate (kW) | |
| WFOB | = | Waste frying oil biodiesel |
| ϕ | = | Chemical exergy factor |
| Ψ | = | Exergetic efficiency |
| exh | = | Exhaust |
| in | = | Inlet |
| out | = | Outlet |
| tm | = | Thermomechanical |
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Cenk Kaya
Cenk Kaya obtained his Bachelor's from Marine Engineering in 2015 from Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey. He obtained his Master's degree in 2019 from Yildiz Technical University, Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. He is presently a Research Assistant at the Istanbul Technical University, Marine Engineering Department. His main research areas are alternative fuels and marine diesel engines.
Görkem Kökkülünk
Görkem Kökkülünk obtained his Master and PhD degree from Yildiz Technical University, Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering in 2012 and 2016, respectively. He is presently Asst. Prof. at the Yildiz Technical University, Marine Engineering Department. His main research areas are marine diesel engines, energy efficiency in maritime and alternative fuels.