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ABSTRACT
In past few decades, energy consumption is rising in tandem with growth of human living standards and technological advancements. The majority of energy consumed is derived from conventional or traditional sources of energy. Due to this, large amounts of greenhouse-gases (GHG) are emitted causing unadorned effects such as global warming and ocean level rise. Increased penetration of electric vehicles in present transportation scenario has significant potential to keep check on greenhouse gas emissions. Adoption of electric vehicles is difficult because it necessitates changes in human behavior and industrial structure, both of which are difficult tasks. This paper examines the policies via which the government and other institutions are attempting to achieve the requisite electric vehicle penetration through subsidies and targets. The paper focuses on investigating the policy from different states and providing better adoption model to reach sustainable development goals. It is imperative that governments throughout world implement policies that encourage the sale of electric cars and boost the share of renewable energy to mitigate overall air pollution produced by internal combustion engine and electric vehicle industries. The results showed that lack of charging infrastructure incentives and no renewable energy penetration incentives seems to be lacking in the policy makings. The gaps and limitations found in the policy are highlighted so that each nation/organization can work on it and customize it according to their targets and needs. Also, a business model is being provided for better uptake of electric vehicles. This also enables nation country/reorganization works on shortcomings and tailors them to their own goals and requirements.
Abbrivation
| GHG | = | -Green House Gases |
| SDGs | = | -Sustainable Development Goals |
| EV | = | -Electric Vehicle |
| BEV | = | -Battery Electric Vehicle |
| PHEV | = | -Plugin Electric Vehicle |
| FCEV | = | -Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle |
| HEV | = | -Hybrid Electric Vehicle |
| AEV | = | -All Electric Vehicle |
| COP | = | -Conference of Parties |
| ICE | = | -Internal Combustion Engine |
| AFID | = | -Alternate Fuel Infrastructure Directive |
| IOT | = | -Internet of Things |
| TCO | = | -Total Cost of Ownership |
| NDC | = | -Nationally Determined Contribution |
| CAGR | = | -Compound Annual Growth Rate |
| FY | = | - Financial Year |
Acknowledgements
Rudraksh S. Gupta, one of the author(s), would like to acknowledge Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE), Govt. of India, for financial assistance in the form of SRF to carry forward the research work.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Rudraksh S. Gupta
Rudraksh S. Gupta graduated with an M.Tech degree in Renewable energy from Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University (SMVDU) in 2019 with distinction and earned his B.Tech. degree from University of Jammu, Jammu in 2017. He is currently pursuing his doctoral degree in Energy Management from SMVDU. His research interests are Electric vehicles Charging optimization, Policy making, renewable energy integration in Grid.
Y. Anand
Y. Anand has done his M.E. in CAD/CAM and Robotics after pursuing his B.E in Mechanical Engineering. He completed his Ph.D. in the area of Exergy and Moisture Dynamics in Buildings in2018. Presently he is working as Assistant Professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University. His research interests are nearly zero-energy buildings, energy efficiency and energy policy, computational fluid dynamics and automation.
Arjun Tyagi
Dr. Arjun Tyagi is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, NSUT Delhi. He has completed his B. Tech. in Electrical and Electronics Engineering with Honours and M. Tech. degree in Power System and completed Ph. D. degree from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi. His research interest includes smart electric power distribution system analysis, operation and optimization; Modelling, optimization and handling uncertainties in power system; Distributed renewable power generation; Electric vehicles; Demand side management.
Sanjeev Anand
Sanjeev Anand is Assistant Professor in Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University(SMVDU). He received his B.E. degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1995 from Nagpur University and his MTech. and Ph.D. degrees in Energy from SMVDU. His research interests are energy efficiency, Electric Vehicles, Building Energy Efficiency.