https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8698-7576
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ABSTRACT
In this study, the effect of adding metal nano magnesium oxide (MNMgO) to a diesel-biodiesel blend on combustion and emissions was investigated. Firstly, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine that the unsaturated fatty acid content of Terebinth oil (TO) was 76.4%. Then, the free fatty acid value (%FFA) of TO was calculated to be 5.8%, indicating that the biodiesel production needed to be carried out in two stages. The conversion of triglycerides to methyl esters was confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) at a wavelength of 1438.8 cm-1. The produced biodiesel and MnMgO were mixed with diesel fuel in certain proportions to prepare experimental fuels. The fuels were tested under variable loads and at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. The results obtained show that MNMgO reduced carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by an average of 10.23% and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by 17.18%, but increased nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions by 2.21%. Additionally, there was a 1.67% increase in cylinder pressure (%CP) and a 7.82% increase in the net heat release rate (%NHRR), while the mean gas temperature (MGT) value decreased by 0.52%.
Nomenclature
| MNMgO | = | Metal nano magnesium oxide |
| GC-MS | = | Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer |
| TO | = | Terebinth oil |
| FFAs | = | Free fatty acids |
| FT-IR | = | Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy |
| B20–00 | = | 20% biodiesel + 80% Diesel |
| B20–100 | = | 20% biodiesel 80% Diesel +100 mg MNMgO |
| B20–200 | = | 20% biodiesel 80% Diesel +200 mg MNMgO |
| CO | = | Carbon monoxide |
| HC | = | Hydrocarbons |
| NOx | = | Nitrogen oxides |
| CP | = | Cylinder pressure |
| NHRR | = | Net heat release rate |
| MGT | = | Mean gas temperature |
| MNMgO | = | Magnesium oxide |
| TiO2 | = | Titanium dioxide |
| Al2O3 | = | Aluminum Oxide (Alumina) |
| ZnO | = | Zinc oxide |
| Fe2O3 | = | Ferric oxide (Hematite) |
| CuO | = | Copper(II) oxide |
| MnO | = | Manganese(II) oxide |
| CeO2 | = | Cerium(IV) oxide (Ceria) |
| C20H14O4 | = | Phenolphtalein solution 1% |
| (C2H5)2O) | = | Diethyl ether |
| C2H5OH | = | Ethyl alcohol |
| CH3OH | = | Methyl alcohol |
| NaOH | = | Sodium hydroxide |
| H2SO4 | = | Sulfuric acid |
| N | = | Normality |
| RPR | = | Rate of pressure rise |
| DF | = | Diesel fuel |
| ID | = | Ignition delay |
| CA | = | Crank angle |
| TDC | = | Top dead center |
| CHR | = | Cumulative heat release |
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Diyarbakır Agricultural Research Institution and Batman University Automotive Laboratories employees who opened their Laboratories to us in this study.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Halis Deviren
Halis Deviren was born in 1983 in Mardin, Turkey. He earned his master's degree in the field of Automotive from Fırat University located in Elazığ, Turkey. He obtained his doctoral title from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Batman University. Currently, he is serving as a Lecturer Doctor at Dicle University in Diyarbakır, Turkey. His primary research interests are renewable energy sources, fuels, combustion, and internal combustion engines. He has published 26 articles in scientific journals and conference proceedings in the aforementioned research fields. He has also served as an academic consultant on one TÜBİTAK project.
Erdal Çılgın
Erdal ÇILĞIN was born in Tunceli, Turkey. He completed his master's and doctorate degrees at Fırat University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Education. Between 2000 and 2018, he worked as a technical teacher and administrator in institutions affiliated with the Ministry of National Education.In 2018, he started working as a lecturer at Diyarbakır Dicle University Technical Sciences Vocational School Motor Vehicles and Transportation Technology Automotive Program. He currently works as an Associate Professor at Dicle University and works on Energy, Internal combustion engines and alternative fuels.
Selman Aydin
Selman Aydin was born on 1982 in Batman/Turkey. He graduated from Dicle University Technical Education Faculty Automotive Teaching B.S degree between 2000-2004. In 2008, he started his M.S. degree at Fırat University Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Education/Automotive. In 2010, he graduated from M.S. degree. In 2010, he started Ph.D. at Marmara University Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Education. In 2014, he graduated from Ph.D. Between 2012-2015, he worked as a lecturer at Hakkari University, Department of Mechanical Engineering/Automotive. In 2015, he started to work as an Assistant Professor in Batman University Faculty of Technology, Department of Automotive Engineering. In 2020, he received the title of associate professor in the field of Automotive Engineering. In 2021, he was appointed as an associate professor at Batman University Vocational High School of Technical Sciences. He is currently working as an Associate Professor in the same unit. Major research interests are internal combustion engines, engine dynamics, alternative fuels, fuel cell, and automotive engineering. He has published more than 50 papers in International / National Journals and conferences.