Definitions and measures of exercise dependence

Abstract

The aim of this review is to synthesize the knowledge about the definitions and measures of exercise dependence based on the few studies available in the literature. This review presents the evolution of exercise dependence conceptualization (measures and definitions) around a number of key considerations and debates. Each of these considerations conceptualizes excessive exercise as a form of dependence. This article overviews a number of distinct areas: (i) the positive and/or negative nature of exercise dependence, (ii) the link between exercise dependence and eating disorders, (iii) the elaboration of diagnostic criteria for exercise dependence, and (iv) the use of substance dependence and the behavioral component model of addiction to conceptualize exercise dependence. Future research areas are also briefly outlined.

• Exercise dependence
• definitions
• measures

Notes

Notes

1. In this review, dependence or addiction can be used interchangeably: for further debate on this issue see Maddux and Desmond (2000).

2. Many terms have been used to described this behavior: “excessive exercise” (Adams and Kirkby 2002); “obligatory exercise” (Yates et al, 1992); “exercise abuse” (Davis 2000); “exercise addiction” (Griffiths 1997); “morbid exercise” (Chalmers et al. 1985); “exercise dependence”(De Coverley Veale 1987).

3. A state of mind is an “altered state of consciousness” or euphoria which occurs during a run (Kostrubala 1977).

4. Runners were labelled “obligatory”, because “they continue to run despite physical injury or clear personal contraindications” (Yates et al. 1992, p. 181).

5. De Coverley Veale and Veale are the same author, who used different names at different times.