Valeriana jatamansi root extract a potent source for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their biomedical applications, and photocatalytic decomposition

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (VJ@AgNPs) using Valeriana jatamansi root extract and assess their antibacterial, antioxidant, and antibiofilm properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans. Various chemical and physical characterization methods were employed to analyze the synthesized VJ@AgNPs. UV-Visible spectroscopy confirmed the presence of VJ@AgNPs with a peak absorption at 426 nm, while FT-IR results indicated the involvement of phyto-compounds from V. jatamansi in the reduction and stabilization of these nanoparticles. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed well-dispersed spherical nature with an average size of 29.1 ± 2.06 nm, and X-ray diffraction confirmed their crystalline structure. The biosynthesized VJ@AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against all tested pathogens, with substantial inhibition zones at 50 and 100 μg/mL concentrations. Additionally, VJ@AgNPs displayed potent antibiofilm activity and antioxidant capacity in scavenging assays. Furthermore, these VJ@AgNPs showed promise in photocatalytic degradation, effectively removing 95% of RhB dye within 75 minutes under solar light irradiation, following pseudo-first-order kinetics. This suggests their potential application in wastewater treatment for organic dye removal. The biocompatible and environmentally friendly nature of VJ@AgNPs underscores their potential as therapeutic agents against bacterial infections and oxidative stress-related diseases.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Bio-synthesis
• Valeriana jatamansi
• photocatalyst
• antibiofilm
• antioxidant

Acknowledgements

Pradisha Prem: Conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing-original draft preparation, Selvam Naveenkumar: Formal analysis, Software, data collection and draft preparation, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj: Investigation, Conceptualization, Resources, & Supervision, Chinnasamy Ragavendran: Validation, Data curation &Writing – review & editing, Arumugam Priyadharsan: Validation, Data curation &Writing – review & editing, Kumar Manimaran: Formal analysis, Software, Naify S Alharbi: Validation, Software & Resources, Nilesh Rarokar: Formal analysis, Software, Tijo Cherian: Validation, Data curation, Writing – review & editing, Vimal Sugumar: Validation, Software & Resources, Muthu Thiruvengadam: Formal analysis, Software, Vinoth Kumarasamy: Validation, Data curation, Writing – review & editing, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan: Validation, Software & Resources. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The facilities for characterization studies, including XRD, FT-IR, EDX, and HR-TEM, were generously provided by the SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai-603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

Data available on request from the corresponding author.

Additional information

Funding

The authors express their sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project No. (RSP2024R70) the King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.