Stability of the antimicrobial activity of selected essential oils and nature identical compounds and their interaction with Tween 20 against reference bacterial strains of zootechnical interest

Abstract

Essential oils (EOs) and nature identical compounds (NICs) express different antimicrobial activity (AAc) which can be affected by variability in composition, stability over time, and the carrier employed for their inclusion in feedstuff and products for animal treatments. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the stability over time of the AAc of 8 EOs and 5 NICs, alone and in combination with Tween 20, on four major bacterial livestock pathogens (E. coli, S. Typhimurium, S. aureus and MRSA). For this purpose, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and checkerboard assay (CkA) tests were performed on EOs and NICs at batch first use (T0 – only MIC), and after 12 (T1) and 24 (T2) months. Several EOs showed initial MICs lower than 2% (v/v) and, except for clove bud and cinnamon EOs, reduced their efficacy over time. The best NICs’ AAc was showed at T1 by cinnamic aldehyde (against MRSA), carvacrol (against E. coli), and thymol (except against MRSA), while at T2 the MIC values decreased for most of the NICs. The CkA between EOs and Tween 20 showed different interactions (Fractional Inhibitory Concentration -FIC- index from 0.06 to 32.04) based on bacteria and time. No interactions were found between NICs and Tween 20 (FIC index from 1.0 to 3.0). The AAc of EOs and NICs changes over time. Therefore, the preservation interval of these additives is critical for the AAc of feedstuff and products intended for livestock animals. Moreover, the NICs seem more suitable for the association with Tween 20.

HIGHLIGHTS

• EOs vary their antimicrobial activity over time

• NICs are more stable than EOs in terms of antimicrobial activity

• Tween 20 does not interfere with the antimicrobial activity of NICs, and the interaction is consistent over time.

Keywords:

• Essential oils
• natural identical compounds
• antimicrobial activity
• stability
• feed additives

Disclosure statement

The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.

Data availability statement

Data will be shared on request.

Additional information

Funding

This research has been supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 774340 for the Organic-PLUS project).