ICP-OES analysis of total As and Cd in Columbian Oryza sativa L. rice

ABSTRACT

Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are considered toxic elements, even at trace levels. Their accurate quantification in crops can be complex at low levels and due to interference with other elements. The aim of this work was to develop and validate an analytical method for As and Cd quantification in rice stem and grains from the production systems “Irrigated Rice Ecosystems” (IRE) and “Rainfed Rice Ecosystems” (RRE) in Colombia. Mineralisation was carried out by acid digestion using an open system with a heating plate. Metal detection was performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES). Method adjustment, calibration, and validation were performed in accordance with AOAC standards, considering sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and selectivity parameters. The obtained method was applied to quantify levels in 259 rice stem and 443 grain samples from IRE and RRE.

KEYWORDS:

• Heavy metals
• rice production systems
• mineralisation
• method validation

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Colombian Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR) and the Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA for supporting this study through the Project entitled ‘Estudio de As y Cd en zonas productoras arroz′ Grant No. 1001231. The soil samples were collected according to the Colombian Resolution No. 1466 of 3 December 2014, by which Agrosavia has permission to collect biological diversity samples (including soil samples) for non-commercial and scientific research purposes. We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their kind suggestions to improve this manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Credit authorship contribution statement

Ana Maria Calvo Salamanca Methodology, formal analysis, writing/original draft preparation, writing/reviewing and final editing. Olga Lucia Mayorga Mogollón: Conceptualisation, methodology, formal analysis, writing/original draft preparation, writing/reviewing and final editing. Nesrine Chaali: Project administration and funding acquisition, resources, conceptualisation, methodology, formal analysis, writing/original draft preparation, writing/reviewing and final editing, supervision, visualisation. Claudia Janeth Ariza-Nieto: Methodology, formal analysis, writing/original draft preparation. José Isidro Beltrán Medina: Data collection, methodology, formal analysis, writing/original draft preparation, writing/reviewing and final editing. Ronnal Esneyder Ortiz Cuadros: Methodology, formal analysis, writing/original draft preparation, writing/reviewing and final editing. Erika Natalia Duran Cruz: Methodology, formal analysis. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Supplemental data

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2023.2278805.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.