https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4030-9331
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Abstract
Soil erosion and sediment yields are the current limitations and future threats to agriculture, water resources and hydropower projects particularly in developing countries. Estimating the extent and comprehending the spatial distribution of hotspot area is crucial to implement evidence-based soil and water conservation (SWC) measures with limited resources. The study used RUSLE and SDR models in ArcGIS 10.8 environment. The RUSLE model was found to be highly sensitive to C factor followed by LS factor. The result indicated that the annual soil loss varies from 0 to 359.99 t ha−1 yr−1 with 22.31 t ha−1 yr−1 as a mean annual. Besides, the estimated sediment yield ranged from 0 to 42.5 t ha−1 yr−1 with a mean value of 12.02 t ha−1 yr−1. The finding revealed that the central west (SW_5) and northeast (SW_4) parts of the watershed yield higher sediment. The result also signified that about 52.9% of the eroded materials including soil and nutrients are transferred to the outlet. The outcome of our finding undoubtedly aids in the identification of hotspot areas for the adoption of appropriate SWC measures. Hence, adopting RUSLE and SDR for Gununo watershed and another watershed having similar biophysical and environmental factors is suggested.
Acknowledgement
The first author appreciates the Southern Agricultural Research Institute for the financial support to cover the research expenses. Authors are very thankful to Ethiopian National Meteorological Agency, Ethiopian Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy, and AU-WLRC for providing sediment, soil and climatic data. We also acknowledge the USGS for allowing us to access satellite imageries and SRTM DEM.
Disclosure statement
The authors declare that they have no competing interests to declare.
Data availability statement
The required datasets used for this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.