https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1979-1258
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ABSTRACT
The human gut microbiota can be potentially disrupted due to exposure of various environmental contaminants, including pesticides. These contaminants enter into non-target species in multiple ways and cause potential health risks. The gut microbiota-derived metabolites have a significant role in maintaining the host’s health by regulating metabolic homeostasis. An imbalance in this homeostasis can result in the development of various diseases and their pathogenesis. Pesticides have hazardous effects on the host’s gut microbiota, which is evident in a few recent studies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the effect of pesticide on gut microbiota-mediated metabolic changes in the host, which may provide a better understanding of pesticide-induced toxicity. The present review summarizes the pesticide-induced effects on gut microbiota, which in turn, induces changes in the release of their secondary metabolites that could lead to various host health effects.
Acknowledgments
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Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Abbreviations
| PCP | = | Pentachlorophenol |
| CPF | = | chlorpyrifos |
| HCH | = | b-hexachlorohexane |
| DDT | = | p’p’ dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane |
| p’p’DDE | = | p’p’ dechlorodiphenyldichloro-ethylene |
| HCH | = | hexachlorocyclohexane |
| OCPs | = | Organochlorines pesticides |
| Tlr4 | = | Toll-like receptor 4 |
| PAH | = | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon |
| PCB | = | polychlorinated biphenyl |
| POPs | = | persistent organic pollutants |
| TMAO | = | trimethylamine oxide |
| Fmo3 | = | flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 |
| LPS | = | lipopolysaccharides |
| TMA | = | trimethylamine |
| SCFAs | = | Short-chain fatty acids |
| BA | = | bile acids |
| PCP | = | Pentachlorophenol |
| CBZ | = | methyl 2-benzimidazolecarbamate |
| IMZ | = | Imazalil |
| CFTR | = | cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator |
| PM | = | Propamocarb |
| FXR | = | farnesoid X receptor |
| GPCRs | = | G-protein coupled receptors |
| AHR | = | aryl hydrocarbon receptor |
| IBD | = | inflammatory bowel disease |
| β-MCA | = | β – Muricholic acid |
Credit authorship contribution statement
T.S. Writing – original draft preparation, review, and editing, N.S.N. Writing, review, editing, and visualization. RP. Review and editing, S.K.B and S.R. Conceptualization review and editing, all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.