https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5020-8836
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ABSTRACT
In recent years, it has become clear that gut microbiota plays a major role in the human body, both in health and disease. Because of that, the gut microbiome and its impact on human well-being are getting wider and wider attention. Studies focused on the liver are not an exception. However, the majority of the analyses are concentrated on the bacterial part of the gut microbiota, while the fungi living in the human intestines are often omitted or underappreciated. This review is focused on the gut mycobiome as an important factor that should be taken into consideration regarding liver homeostasis and its perturbations. We have collected the findings in this field and we discuss their importance. We aim to emphasize the fungal compositional changes related to liver diseases and, by that, provide novel insights into the directions of liver research and gut microbiota as a therapeutic target for liver diseases.
List of abbreviations
| ALD | = | Alcohol-associated liver disease |
| ALT | = | Alanine aminotransferase |
| AST | = | Aspartate aminotransferase |
| AUD | = | Alcohol use disorder |
| HCC | = | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| IBD | = | Inflammatory bowel disease |
| IL | = | Interleukin |
| ITS | = | Internal transcribed spacer |
| NAFLD | = | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease |
| NASH | = | Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis |
| PSC | = | Primary sclerosis cholangitis |
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Author contributions
Szostak N provided the input and wrote the manuscript; Figlerowicz M discussed the content; Philips A designed the outline, discussed the content, coordinated and participated in manuscript writing.