Involvement of paraspeckle components in viral infections

ABSTRACT

Paraspeckles are non-membranous subnuclear bodies, formed through the interaction between the architectural long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) and specific RNA-binding proteins, including the three Drosophila Behavior/Human Splicing (DBHS) family members (PSPC1 (Paraspeckle Component 1), SFPQ (Splicing Factor Proline and Glutamine Rich) and NONO (Non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein)). Paraspeckle components were found to impact viral infections through various mechanisms, such as induction of antiviral gene expression, IRES-mediated translation, or viral mRNA polyadenylation. A complex involving NEAT1 RNA and paraspeckle proteins was also found to modulate interferon gene transcription after nuclear DNA sensing, through the activation of the cGAS-STING axis. This review aims to provide an overview on how these elements actively contribute to the dynamics of viral infections.

KEYWORDS:

• Interferon
• internal ribosome entry site (IRES)
• long non-coding RNA
• NEAT1
• paraspeckles
• SFPQ
• viral replication
• viruses

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Author contributions statement

RM prepared a draft of this manuscript, including the figures. TM was responsible for revision and some formatting. All authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Data availability statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Additional information

Funding

Romane Milcamps was supported by an Aspirant fellowship of the Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique (FNRS). This work was supported by the supported by the EOS joint program of Fonds de la recherche scientifique-FNRS and Fonds wetenschappelijk onderzoek-Vlaanderen-FWO [EOS ID: 40007527], Belgian fund for Scientific Research [PDR 40014236 and CDR J.0136.22].