Predictors of mortality from extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia

ABSTRACT

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) bacteremia can have poor clinical outcomes. Thus, determining the predictors of mortality from ESBL-PE bacteremia is very important. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate studies to determine predictors associated with ESBL-PE bacteremia mortality. We searched PubMed and Cochrane Library databases for all relevant publications from January 2000 to August 2022. The outcome measure was mortality rate. In this systematic review of 22 observational studies, 4607 patients with ESBL-PE bacteremia were evaluated, of whom 976 (21.2%) died. The meta-analysis showed that prior antimicrobial therapy (RR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.22–6.85), neutropenia (RR, 5.58; 95% CI, 2.03–15.35), nosocomial infection (RR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.22–4.95), rapidly fatal underlying disease (RR, 4.21; 95% CI, 2.19–8.08), respiratory tract infection (RR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.33–3.36), Pitt bacteremia score (PBS) (per1) (RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.18–1.53), PBS ≥ 4 (RR, 4.02; 95% CI, 2.77–5.85), severe sepsis (RR, 11.74; 95% CI, 4.68–29.43), and severe sepsis or septic shock (RR, 4.19; 95% CI, 2.83–6.18) were found to be mortality predictors. Moreover, urinary tract infection (RR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.04–0.57) and appropriate empirical therapy (RR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.18–0.82) were found to be a protective factor against mortality. Patients with ESBL-PE bacteremia who have the aforementioned require prudent management for improved outcomes. This research will lead to better management and improvement of clinical outcomes of patients with bacteremia caused by ESBL-PE.

KEYWORDS:

• Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
• Enterobacteriaceae
• bacteremia
• mortality
• meta-analysis

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Honyaku Center Inc. for English language editing.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Authors’ contributions

NH designed the study, performed literature search, reviewed the literature, and wrote the first draft. IW performed literature search and reviewed the literature. YK and KH designed the study and critically revised the draft. TY, KY, and ST critically revised the draft. All authors contributed to the final version of the manuscript and approved its submission.