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Articles

Promoting favorable routes through visual communication: a design study for creating ‘Social’ route maps for the case of air pollution

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Pages 68-93 | Received 24 Feb 2022, Accepted 07 Dec 2022, Published online: 15 Mar 2023
 

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an approach for promoting routes that reduce exposure of road users to areas that should be temporarily avoided due to traffic related or environmental reasons. At the same time, routes that are already heavily polluted should be avoided, in order to reduce the pollution and distribute it more equally in the environment. In this research, we present a design study for creating route maps that intend to visually communicate favorability of route options to the traveler, in the case of increased air pollution. Our proposed method recommends routes that are calculated as the shortest path while minimizing the current concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) along the route. Based on a dynamic distribution of traffic flows, our system recommends routes that are not necessarily the shortest or fastest (i.e. individually efficient), but rather the options that avoid areas with particularly high air pollution, while prioritizing other, not so polluted areas; and thus are beneficial to individual and public health (socially favorable). We propose seven different visualization variants for representing line and areal objects in a route map that visualize route options based on pollution levels. A user survey showed that while for most of the variants the symbology has been rated as intuitive, visual attractiveness and suitability for communicating pollution information seems to be limited to less complex visualizations that primarily use variations in color. The focus of the paper is to develop design options to optimally communicate favorable routes by designing different cartographic visualization techniques.

ABSTRAITE

Cet article présente une approche pour promouvoir les itinéraires qui réduisent l'exposition des usagers de la route à des zones qui devraient être temporairement évitées en raison du trafic ou de considérations environnementales. En même temps, les itinéraires qui sont déjà fortement pollués devraient être évités afin de réduire la pollution et de la distribuer plus équitablement dans l'environnement. Dans cette recherche, nous présentons une étude de conception pour la création de cartes d'itinéraire dont l'objectif est de communiquer aux voyageurs de façon visuelle la préférence d'options d'itinéraire dans le cas de forte pollution atmosphérique. La méthode que nous proposons recommande des itinéraires qui sont calculés comme les plus courts chemins tout en minimisant la concentration de particules (PM2.5 et PM10) le long de l'itinéraire. A partir d'une distribution dynamique des flux de trafic, notre système recommande des itinéraires qui ne sont pas nécessairement les plus courts ou les plus rapides (i.e. efficaces individuellement) mais plutôt des options qui permettent d'éviter les zones polluées, et donc qui sont bénéfiques pour la santé individuelle et publique (socialement favorables). Nous proposons sept variantes de visualisation différentes pour représenter des objets linéaires et surfaciques sur une carte d'itinéraire pour visualiser les options d'itinéraire en fonction des niveaux de pollution. Une enquête auprès d'utilisateurs a montré qu'alors que la plupart des propositions de symbolisations ont été jugées intuitives, l'attractivité visuelle et l'adéquation pour communiquer des informations sur la pollution semblent être limitées aux visualisations les moins complexes qui utilisent en priorité les variations de couleur. L'objectif de cet article est de développer des options de conception pour communiquer de façon optimale des itinéraires en concevant différentes techniques de visualisation cartographique.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Grant [227198829/GRK1931].

Notes on contributors

Stefan Fuest

Stefan Fuest is a research assistant at the Institute of Cartography and Geoinformatics at the Leibniz University Hannover, Germany. His research interests lie in map symbolization and cognitive issues in cartography.

Olga Shkedova

Olga Shkedova is a research assistant at the Institute of Cartography and Geoinformatics at the Leibniz University Hannover, Germany. In her research, she is focusing on 3D spatiotemporal data visualization.

Monika Sester

Monika Sester is a professor and head of the Institute of Cartography and Geoinformatics at the Leibniz University Hannover, Germany. Her research interests lie in automatic cartographic generalization and automatic data interpretation.

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