Importance of fibrosis 4 index score and mode of anti-fungal treatment to the outcome of Cryptococcal meningitis in hepatitis B virus-infected patients

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the associated cirrhosis are risk factors for cryptococcal meningitis (CM). However, the clinical features of co-infection with HBV and CM are unclear.

Methods: Seventy-nine HBV-infected CM patients and 79 HBV-uninfected CM patients were enrolled in a case-control matching study from 476 CM patients. Fibrosis 4 index (FIB4) was used for assessment of HBV-related fibrosis/cirrhosis. Demographic characteristics, symptoms, routine blood tests, liver function and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profiles were compared between the two groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess factors associated with 10-week mortality.

Results: Male gender was associated with HBV-infected CM patients (p = .006). CM patients with HBV experienced similar frequencies of symptoms but had lower white blood cell (WBC) (p < .001), platelet (p < .001) and albumin (p = .012), and increased aspartate amino transaminase (AST) (p = .009) and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels (p < .001). Patients with and without HBV infection had similar 10-week cumulative survival rates (85.9 ± 4.2% vs. 78.6 ± 5.4%, p = .569). The hazard ratio was 3.7 times higher for those with FIB4 ≥ 3.25 (p = .020) and 4.5 times higher for those with HBV infection not treated with Amphotericin B + flucytosine ± fluconazole (p = .023).

Conclusion: HBV-infected CM population experience lower WBC, platelet and albumin, and higher AST and TBIL. Ten-week survival rate was similar between HBV-infected and HBV-uninfected CM patients. CM patients with high FIB4 or not treated with Amphotericin B + flucytosine ± fluconazole are at a higher risk of death.

Keywords:

• Hepatitis B virus
• Cryptococcal meningitis
• Case-control matching study
• Fibrosis
• Cirrhosis

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Independent Research Foundation of the State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University [grant number 491010*A61703].