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ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to monitor the shoreline changes and associated erosion along the coastal districts using multi-temporal Landsat digital data over the period from 1978 to 2020. The High Tide Line was delineated using Landsat Satellite data from 1978, 1998, and 2020 based on various geomorphologic and land use/cover types. The extent of the coastline erosion at two continuous decades intervals, and the total during 42 years from 1978 to 2020 was delineated, and in the coastline, erosion was monitored. The analysis indicated that the highest coastal erosion took place in the Kachchh district. The results of this study indicate that about 723.6 km is subjected to erosion, which is almost 45.9% of the total Gujarat coastline. A gradual increasing trend was observed in SST from 1860 to 2020 along with the increase in CO2 emission for the period of 50 years (1960-2010). The analysis of variation in the normalized SST with annual mean sunspot activity from 1960 to 2020 revealed that the peak of SST follows the peak of annual mean sunspot activity till 2000. However, the solar activity declined significantly since 2000 and the annual mean sunspot number decreased until 2020, while on the contrary, the SST showed an increasing trend.
Acknowledgments
The authors express their sincere thanks to Shri TejPal Singh, DG, BISAG-N, MEITY, Government of India, Gandhinagar-382007, for his keen interest and encouragement to carry out this study. The Landsat data downloaded from earth explorer website, the SST data and Annual Sunspots collected from IPCC etc. are thankfully acknowledged.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).