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ABSTRACT
Water scarcity is a critical global challenge exacerbated by population growth and industrialization. Contamination of water sources by diverse pollutants poses significant threats to public health. Consequently, there is an urgent need for the development of advanced technologies capable of purifying and detoxifying water. Beyond safeguarding health, these water purification technologies play a pivotal role in enabling water recycling to meet demands during periods of limited availability.This review provides a comprehensive overview of various methods for water remediation, encompassing both chemical and biotechnological processes while highlighting distinct water treatment approaches. The key points include the integration of nanotechnology in water remediation as an innovative approach to enhance water treatment efficiency. The article explains various techniques for synthesizing environmentally friendly nanomaterials and discusses their applications in environmental remediation in detail. The use of nanomaterials in water remediation has shown promising results, as they can effectively remove contaminants from water without causing harm to the environment. The review also emphasizes the need for further research to explore the potential of nanotechnology in addressing the global water scarcity issue. Nanomaterials have shown promise in effectively removing contaminants without harming the environment. However, challenges such as addressing long-term toxicity effects on ecosystems, scaling up nanoparticle synthesis, and conducting more pilot studies persist. Future directions should focus on optimizing nanotechnology-based water remediation processes through interdisciplinary research and pilot-scale implementation to ensure efficacy, safety, and scalability. By elucidating key aspects of water remediation, with a spotlight on nanotechnology, the review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of methods that can mitigate the challenges of water scarcity and contamination.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Acknowledgment
Dr. Anant B. Kanagare thanks to The Principal, Deogiri College, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, India for providing the necessary infrastructure and research facilities.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data availability statement
Data sharing does not apply to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
Author’s contribution
PBR and MPS: Literature review, Writing-original draft, review and editing. AST and SUD: literature review. CKT, AK and ABK: Conceptualization, literature reviewing, writing and editing of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.