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ABSTRACT
Phycoremediation, employing microalgae, effectively treats Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) by removing pollutants, curbing eutrophication, and yielding valuable substances. Microalgae utilize photosynthesis and their high surface area to convert carbon dioxide into biomass, reducing pollutant concentrations and enhancing water body oxygenation. This dual mechanism acts as a natural biofilter, addressing environmental concerns while bolstering the economic potential of the palm oil industry. The integrated system of biogas production and phycoremediation covers crucial aspects such as cultivating microalgae on POME, producing valuable compounds, and biogas upgrading. This approach harmonizes POME treatment, resource recovery, and renewable energy production, showcasing environmental and economic advancements.
Abbreviations
| AD | = | Anaerobic digestion |
| BOD | = | biological oxygen demand |
| CAPEX | = | Capital Expenditure |
| CO2 | = | carbon-dioxide |
| COD | = | chemical oxygen demand |
| CSTR | = | continuous stirred tank reactor |
| DHA | = | Docosahexaenoic acid |
| EPS | = | extracellular polysaccharides |
| HRAP | = | high-rate algal pond |
| HRT | = | hydraulic retention time |
| IAAB | = | integrated anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor |
| LCA | = | life cycle assessment |
| MAS | = | membrane anaerobic system |
| OPEX | = | Operational Expenditure |
| PHB | = | polyhydroxy butyrate |
| POME | = | palm oil mill effluents |
| PUFAs | = | polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| RES | = | renewable energy source |
| TN | = | total nitrogen |
| TP | = | total phosphorus |
| UASB | = | up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket |
| UASFF | = | up-flow anaerobic sludge fixed-film |
| UMAS | = | ultrasonic membrane anaerobic system |
| UV-C | = | ultra-violet-C |
| WWTP | = | wastewater treatment plant |
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).