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Original

Screening for “Substance Abuse” Among School-Based Youth in Mexico Using the Problem Oriented Screening Instrument (POSIT) for Teenagers

, Ph.D., M.P.H., , Ph.D., , M.D., , M.Sc., , Ph.D. & , B.S.
Pages 307-329 | Published online: 25 Feb 2004
 

Abstract

Indices of classification accuracy of the Substance Use/Abuse scale of a Spanish-language version of the Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT) were evaluated among school-based youth in Mexico. Participants were 1203 youth attending one middle school (N = 619) and one high school (N = 584) in the third largest city of Coahuila, a northern border state in Mexico in May 1998. More than 94% of youth enrolled in the participating middle school and 89% of youth enrolled in the participating high school completed the International Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health. Indices of classification accuracy of the POSIT Substance Use/Abuse scale were evaluated against a “drug abuse” problem severity criterion that combined youth meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse/dependence disorders with youth having used other illicit drugs five or more times in their lifetime. The present study findings suggest that using a cut score of one or two on the POSIT Substance Use/Abuse scale generally yields optimal classification accuracy indices that vary somewhat by gender and school subgroups. Further, classification accuracy indices of the POSIT Substance Use/Abuse scale are slightly better when used among high school males due, in part, to the higher base rate of serious involvement among this group compared to others.

Resumen

En un grupo de jóvenes estudiantes de México se evaluaron los índices de precisión en la clasificación pertenecientes a la escala de consumo y abuso de sustancias adictivas de una versión en español del Instrumento de Evaluación para Adolescentes Orientado hacia Problemas Especilfioos (Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers, POSIT). En la evaluación, realizada en mayo de 1998, participaron 1203 jóvenes que asistían a una escuela secundaria (N = 619) y a una escuela preparatoria (N = 584). El estudio tuvo lugar en la tercera ciudad más grande de Coahuila, un estado fronterizo del norte de México. Más de un 94% de los jóvenes inscritos de la escuela secundaria participante y on 89% de los jóvenes inscritos de is escuela preparatoria participante contestaron el Cuestionario Longitudinal Internacional sabre Salud en la Adolescencia. Los índices de precisión en la clasificación de la escala de consumo y abuso de sustancias adictivas del POSIT se evaluaron frente a un criterio de gravedad del problema de abuso de drogas, en el que se combinaban dos parámetros: que los jóvenes cumplieran con los criterios del DSM-IV en cuanto a los trastornos causados par abuso o dependencia del alcohol, y que hubieran usado otros estupefacientes cinco o más veces en el transcurso de la vida. Los resultados de este estudio indican que el uso de un punto de corte de uno o dos en la escala de consumo y abuso de sustancias adictivas del POSIT generalmente da coma resultado índices óptimos de precisión en la clasificación, los cuales varían un poco según el sexo y los subgrupos escolares. Además, los índices de precisión en la clasificación de la escala de consumo y abuso de sustancias adictivas del POSIT son un poco mejores cuando se usan entre varones en escuela preparatoria. Esto se debe, en parte, a lo mayor tasa basal de uso importante de drogas en este grupo, comparado con otros.

Résumé

Des indices de précision de classification de l'échelle de Consommation d'alcool et de drogues/Toxicomanie, d'une version en langue espagnole du Test américain de dépistage de problèmes chez les adolescents (POSIT/Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers), ont été évalués parmi des jeunes en milieu scolaire au Mexique. Les participants comprenaient 1203 jeunes fréquentant un collège (N = 619) et un lycée (N = 584), dans la troisième plus grande ville de Coahuila, un état frontalier du nord du Mexique, en mai 1998. Plus de 94% des jeunes enrôlés dans le collège participant et 89% de ceux enrôlés dans le lycée participant ont rempli l'Enquête longitudinale internationalé sur la santé des adolescents. Les indices de précision de classification de l'échelle de Consommation d'alcool et de drogues/Toxicomanie du test POSIT ont été évalués contre un critère de gravité du problème de toxicomanie qui combinait des jeunes répondant aux critères DSM-IV de troubles liés à l'alcoolisme et d'autres jeunes ayant utilisé d'autres drogues illégales, au moins cinq fois dans leur vie. Les résultats de 1'étude actuelle suggèrent que l'utilisation d'un score d'élimination de un ou deux sur l'échelle de Consommation d'alcool et de drogues/Toxicomanie du test POSIT produit génèralement des indices de précision optimaux de la classification, qui varient quelque peu en fonction du sexe et des sous-groupes scolaires. De plus, les indices de précision de classification de l'échelle de Consommation d'alcool et de drogues/Toxicomanie du test POSIT sont légèrement meilleurs lorsqu'ils sont utilisés parmi des jeunes lycéens de sexe masculin, en partie, en raison du taux de base plus élevé de toxicomanie grave parmi ce groupe, par rapport à d'autres.

Notes

aSumi's Editoral style utilizes drug and/or substance abuse as a diagnostic category only. Drugs and any other substances are used or misused; living organisms, including human, can be and are abused.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

William W. Latimer

William Latimer, Ph.D., M.P.H., is Associate Professor in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health. His research has been funded by NIDA since 1995 and focuses on the prevention and treatment of drug dependence and HIV, with a special focus on neurocognitive risk factors. His treatment research has focused on the development and efficacy-testing of Integrated Family and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in response to NIDA's Behavioral Therapies Development Program. His drug and HIV prevention research includes studies in Latin America, South Africa, and the Russian Federation.

Megan S. O’Brien

Megan O'Brien, Ph.D., received her doctoral degree in Community Psychology from Wichita State University and is currently a NIDA Postdoctoral Fellow at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health. Her research interests include social and contextual influences on substance use and substance use among rural populations.

Jorge McDouall

Jorge McDouall, M.D., M.H.S., is a Psychiatrist working as an independent consultant for UN-OCCDP Colombia and for the PAHO. He also works for the Mayor Office of Bogota at the UCPI (Unidad Coordinadora de Prevencion Integral).

Olga Toussova

Olga Toussova, M.Sc., is associated with the Counseling Center for Drug Abuse and HIV/AIDS Prevention, St. Petersburg, Russia. Olga began work on the current article when she was a Hubert Humphrey Fellow at Johns Hopkins University. Currently she is working as a Counseling Supervisor on an HIV Preparedness Study of HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) at a Russian site.

Leah J. Floyd

Leah Floyd, Ph.D., is a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Mental Health at Johns Hopkins University. Her research interests include adolescent substance use and HIV risk behaviors.

Marco Vazquez

Marco Vazquez, B.A., completed his undergraduate degree at the University of Minnesota during which time he helped to coordinate the International Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health project.

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