Cost effectiveness of varenicline versus bupropion and unaided cessation for smoking cessation in a cohort of Finnish adult smokers

Abstract

Objective:

To assess the cost effectiveness of varenicline compared with bupropion or unaided cessation for smoking cessation in Finnish adult smokers.

Research design and methods:

The BENESCO (BENEfits of Smoking Cessation on Outcomes) Markov model was used to follow a hypothetical cohort of smokers making a single quit attempt over a lifetime. Gender and age-specific data on the incidence and prevalence of five smoking-related diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], lung cancer, coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke and asthma exacerbations) were included in the model. Life-years (LYs), quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), total treatment costs and the lifetime cumulative incidence of these parameters were the primary outcomes evaluated, and they were compared for varenicline versus bupropion and varenicline versus unaided cessation. The primary data were derived from Finnish publications and databases. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the base-case model.

Results:

The treatment cohort comprised 229 301 smokers making a quit attempt. In the lifetime simulation, use of varenicline prevented 1965 and 5057 additional cases of smoking-related disease, and 1184 and 3047 deaths attributable to smoking, when compared with bupropion and unaided cessation, respectively. Compared with bupropion and unaided cessation varenicline treatment yielded 4392 and 11 303 additional LYs (4851 and 12 485 QALYs), respectively. Varenicline resulted in cost savings of 15 million and 43 million euros (€) compared with bupropion and unaided cessation, respectively. In the 20-year time horizon analysis, varenicline yielded an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of €8791/QALY and €7791/QALY gained in comparison to bupropion and unaided cessation, respectively. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the base-case results for varenicline.

Conclusion:

Varenicline dominated over its comparators, i.e. it was more effective and resulted in cost saving compared with bupropion and unaided cessation.

Key words::

• BENESCO
• Cost effectiveness
• Finland
• Smoking cessation
• Varenicline

Transparency

Declaration of funding

This study was funded by Pfizer Oy, Finland.

Declaration of financial/other relationships

M.L. and H.S. have had a consultancy relationship with Pfizer Oy, Finland, and other pharmaceutical companies. K.L. and T.K. are employed by Pfizer Oy, Finland, and K.W. by Pfizer Ltd., UK. V.J. is a former employee of Pfizer Oy, Finland.

Peer reviewers may receive honoraria from CMRO for their review work. Peer reviewer 1 has disclosed that he/she has acted as an advisor to Pfizer for an as yet unpublished work. Peer reviewer 2 has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge with thanks the contribution of M. Linna and H. Sintonen who were consulted for the input data of the BENESCO model concerning healthcare costs and HRQoL utility weights in Finland, respectively, and for writing these parts of the article. Editorial support was provided by Katherine Ayling-Rouse, MSc, at Parexel and was funded by Pfizer Ltd, UK.