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Abstract
Diabetes is associated with higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes are independently associated with increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Subjects with type 2 diabetes are at two- to four-fold increased risk of CV disease compared to those without diabetes. Long-term hyperglycemia is much more closely associated with microvascular complications than macrovascular complications. There is a lack of adequate evidence that improvement in glycemic control decreases CV risk.
Transparency
Declaration of funding
The authors have received no funding for preparation of this manuscript.
Declaration of financial/other relationships
M.D.S. is a member of the Speakers Bureaus for Boehringer-Ingelheim and Eli Lilly and Co. J.A.F. serves on the Advisory Boards and is a Consultant for Merck and Pfizer. A.G. serves on the Advisory Boards, Speakers Bureau and is a Consultant for GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novo Nordisk and Daiichi Sankyo. He is on the Board of Directors for the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.
CMRO peer reviewers have disclosed any relevant financial conflicts to the Editors.