Antibody-mediated rejection following renal transplantation

Abstract

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) accounts for 20 – 30% of all acute rejection episodes following renal transplantation. AMR is generally less responsive to conventional anti-rejection therapy, resulting in poor allograft survival. Introduction of C4d immunostaining of renal allograft biopsies and the demonstration of donor-specific antibodies in the recipients have increased our ability to diagnose AMR. Therapeutic options are evolving and include plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin, immunoadsorption and rituximab, together with intensification of immunosuppression with a tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil combination. Future studies might further define optimal therapeutic approach in renal transplant recipients presenting with AMR.

Keywords::

• antibody-mediated rejection
• C4d staining
• humoral rejection
• renal transplantation

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