Targeting RhoA/ROCK pathway in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Abstract

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease with a complex pathogenesis. It is often associated with an increased vascular resistance, whilst in the more advanced stages there is a remodelling of the vascular walls. PAH has an intricate involvement of various signaling pathways, including the ras homolog family member A (RhoA)–Rho kinase (ROCK) axis. Currently, available therapies are not always able to significantly slow PAH progression. Therefore, newer approaches are needed.

Areas covered: In this review, areas covered include the role of the RhoA/ROCK in PAH pathogenesis and the plausibility of its therapeutic targeting. Furthermore, various inhibitory compounds are discussed, including Fasudil and SB-772077-B.

Expert opinion: Currently, specific RhoA/ROCK inhibition is the most promising therapeutic approach for PAH. Research has shown that it suppresses both the components of this axis and the upstream upregulating mediators. An inhaled RhoA/ROCK inhibitor may be a successful future therapy; however, further clinical trials are needed to support this approach.

Keywords::

• pulmonary hypertension
• rho kinase
• rho kinase inhibitors
• fasudil
• simvastatin
• angiotensin II

Notes

This box summarizes key points contained in the article.