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Abstract
Breast and ovarian cancers are responsible for more than 500,000 female deaths worldwide each year. Fifteen percent of the 230,000 women in the USA diagnosed with breast cancer in 2013 will have triple-negative breast cancer, a disease with few options for treatment, and a twofold greater mortality risk than other breast cancers. The OGF–OGF receptor pathway is present in these cancers, and regulates cell proliferation during homeostasis and disease. OGF is a tonically active peptide that inhibits DNA synthesis by upregulation of cyclin-dependent inhibitory kinases, without disrupting cell migration, differentiation or apoptosis. OGF receptor is a determinant in the proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer and ovarian cancer, and can be genetically modified to alter neoplastic cell replication in vitro and in nude mice. Preclinical studies warrant the use of OGF alone, or in combination, for treatment of triple-negative breast and ovarian cancer patients.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
Work described in this editorial was supported by the Paul K. and Anna E. Shockey Family Foundation. IS Zagon and PJ McLaughlin are inventors on intellectual property assigned to Penn State University and recently licensed to TNI Biotech Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA that is related to the use of OGF for treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. The authors are also inventors on a patent related to OGFr protein detection. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.