New second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia

Abstract

Long-acting injectable (depot) antipsychotics are one approach in the management of individuals with schizophrenia. Since the introduction of risperidone long-acting injection in 2003, three additional second-generation antipsychotics have become available in a long-acting injectable formulation: paliperidone, olanzapine and aripiprazole. Although these different depot options can help with adherence and thus encourage better treatment outcomes, they differ in terms of specific indications, approved injection sites, needle gauge, injection volume, injection interval, requirements for oral supplementation, availability of prefilled syringes, storage needs and postinjection observation period, as well as potential drug–drug interactions and commonly encountered adverse reactions. After a review of the evidence base, guidance is offered on the appropriate selection among the long-acting injectable formulations of both first and second-generation antipsychotics.

Keywords::

• adherence
• antipsychotic
• aripiprazole
• depot
• fluphenazine
• haloperidol
• long-acting injection
• olanzapine
• paliperidone
• risperidone
• schizophrenia

Financial & competing interests disclosure

In the past 36 months, L Citrome has engaged in collaborative research with or received consulting or speaking fees from Alexza, Alkermes, AstraZeneca, Avanir, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Envivo, Forest, Genentech, Janssen, Lundbeck, Merck, Mylan, Novartis, Noven, Otsuka, Pfizer, Shire, Sunovion and Valeant. The authors has no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Notes

ALAI: Aripiprazole long-acting injection; OLAI: Olanzapine pamoate long-acting injection; PLAI: Paliperidone palmitate long-acting injection; RLAI: Risperidone long-acting injection.