Elevated PAPP-A sets alarm bells ringing in patients with cardiac chest pain

Abstract

Novel biochemical markers may improve the estimation of overall risk in subjects at a high risk of adverse cardiac events. Measurement of some of these markers, including pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), brings significant prognostic information independent of traditional risk factors. PAPP-A has been recently identified as a marker of plaque destabilization with growing interest in cardiovascular research. Our group has recently demonstrated that higher levels of serum PAPP-A were independently associated with an increased short-term risk of cardiovascular events in a large sample of 2568 consecutive patients presenting with cardiac chest pain. PAPP-A levels above 34.6 mIU/l in cardiac chest-pain patients sets alarm bells ringing as a warning for higher risk of short-term cardiovascular adverse events, including stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke or cardiovascular-related death within 90 days, the combined primary end point of this study. Cardiac chest pain patients with PAPP-A levels above 34.6 mIU/l may suffer from adverse cardiovascular events five times more frequently within 90 days than those with lower PAPP-A levels (hazard ratio: 5.28; 95% CI: 3.81–7.31). However, current data do not support the diagnostic role of PAPP-A for acute coronary syndrome in comparison to the gold standard biomarker troponin. Additionally, PAPP-A is known to interact with heparin, which may diminish its potential utility in every day clinical life. Future multicenter and large-volume studies are warranted to validate the use of PAPP-A in routine clinical practice.

Keywords::

• acute coronary syndrome
• chest pain
• PAPP-A
• unstable plaque

Financial & competing interests disclosure

G Loncar declares no conflict of interest. S von Haehling has been a paid consultant to Thermo Fisher Scientific, Solartium Dietetics, Professional Dietetics, Pfizer, Respicardia and Vifor Pharma; he has received payment from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology to develop educational presentations and travel support from Novartis Pharma; his institution has received a research grant from Vifor Pharma.