Prevention and treatment of leptospirosis

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a common zoonosis acquired by exposure to body fluids, to tissues of infected animals, or to contaminated soil or fresh water. Large outbreaks of leptospirosis have occurred following excess rainfall or in tourists following exposure to fresh water during adventure activities. Prevention may be achieved through the use of protective clothing or by changes in animal husbandry. Immunization is not widely used in human populations but has a role in agriculture. Oral administration of doxycycline (Periostat^® , CollaGenex) once-weekly can give short-term protection in high-risk environments. The disease in humans has a broad range of symptoms. Treatment may be symptomatic or may require administration of antibiotics, such as doxycycline or penicillin.

• ceftriaxone
• chemoprophylaxis
• doxycycline
• immunization
• penicillin
• waterborne
• zoonoses