Reversible female contraception: current options and new developments

Abstract

Uncontrolled fertility results in significant infant and maternal mortality and morbidity. Contraception has the potential to reduce this disease burden. Although a rich array of reversible contraceptive methods exists, the need for more effective and user-friendly methods remains. Access to methods and affordability are major barriers in many parts of the world. However, in other areas, successful utilization is limited by convenience factors or a lack of appreciation of fertility risk. To address these issues, new products that require little user effort have been developed. To encourage correct and consistent use of other methods, noncontraceptive benefits are being popularized and new protocols to initiate contraceptive use immediately are being introduced. This review briefly discusses existing contraceptive methods and new developments that are under investigation.

Keywords::

• barrier methods
• contraceptive implants
• contraceptive injections
• female contraception
• hormonal contraception
• intrauterine contraception
• oral contraceptives
• reversible contraception