Noninvasive fetal RhD genotyping from maternal blood

Abstract

Rhesus (Rh) D blood group incompatibility between a pregnant woman and the fetus can occasionally cause maternal alloimmunization and hemolytic disease of the fetus and of the newborn in subsequent pregnancies. RHD genotyping of fetuses carried by RhD-negative women using fetal DNA obtained invasively through amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling is an aid to the clinical management of these cases. Technological advances allow for accurate prediction of fetal RHD genotype using cell-free fetal DNA from maternal blood, thus overcoming the invasive procedures. Presently, many laboratories worldwide provide the test as a routine service for immunized women. Mass application of RhD noninvasive prenatal diagnosis for all fetuses carried by RhD-negative women is highly desirable so that unnecessary anti-D administration is avoided.

Keywords::

• anti-D immunoprophylaxis
• cell-free fetal DNA
• fetal cells
• fetal Rhesus D status
• noninvasive prenatal diagnosis

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.