COPD in People with HIV: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Management, and Prevention Strategies

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder characterized by airflow limitation and persistent respiratory symptoms. People with HIV (PWH) are particularly vulnerable to COPD development; PWH have demonstrated both higher rates of COPD and an earlier and more rapid decline in lung function than their seronegative counterparts, even after accounting for differences in cigarette smoking. Factors contributing to this HIV-associated difference include chronic immune activation and inflammation, accelerated aging, a predilection for pulmonary infections, alterations in the lung microbiome, and the interplay between HIV and inhalational toxins. In this review, we discuss what is known about the epidemiology and pathobiology of COPD among PWH and outline screening, diagnostic, prevention, and treatment strategies.

Keywords:

• HIV
• COPD
• tuberculosis
• air pollution
• immune activation
• smoking
• pulmonary infections

Disclosure

Katerina L Byanova and Rebecca Abelman are co-first authors for this study. Dr. Byanova was supported by NIH F32 HL166065. Dr. Abelman was supported by NIH T32 AI060530 and K12 HL143961. Dr. North was supported by NIH K23 HL154863. Dr. Christenson was supported by NIH R01 HL143998, she also reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Regeneron, GlaxoSmithKline, Amgen, MJH Holdings LLC: Physicians’ Education Resource, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, and Axon Advisors, outside the submitted work. Dr. Huang was supported by NIH R01 HL128156, R01 HL128156-07S2, and R01 HL143998.