Association Between Nocturnal Sleep Duration and Obesity Indicators Among People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ningbo, China

Abstract

Aim

The study aimed to investigate the association between the nocturnal sleep duration and five obesity indicators, namely, visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), bodyweight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Ningbo, China.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using the National Metabolic Management Centre (MMC) - Ningbo First Hospital data from 1st March 2018 to 28th February 2021. Adults with T2DM were included in the study. Simple and multiple (adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and health conditions) linear regression analyses were performed to identify the associations.

Results

In terms of VFA, SFA, bodyweight, BMI and WC, the eligibility criteria were satisfied by 2771, 2771, 2863, 2863 and 2862 patients, respectively. In the unadjusted model, the shorter nocturnal sleep duration was associated with higher VFA, SFA, bodyweight, BMI and WC. In other words, an hour increase in the nocturnal sleep duration was associated with a decrease of 2.07 cm² in VFA (regression coefficient = −2.07; 95% CI = −3.25 to −0.88), 2.67 cm² in SFA (−2.67; −4.55 to −0.78); 0.82 kg in bodyweight (−0.82; −1.2 to −0.43), 0.2 kg/m² in BMI (−0.2; −0.31 to −0.09) and 0.46 cm in WC (−0.46; −0.76 to −0.16). In the adjusted models, the shorter nocturnal sleep duration was still found to be associated with higher VFA, SFA, bodyweight, BMI and WC (except SFA and WC in models where we further adjusted for health conditions).

Conclusion

The nocturnal sleep duration among people with T2DM in Ningbo, China is negatively associated with visceral and general obesity indicators (VFA, bodyweight and BMI). Thus, there is a need for appropriate interventions to address the issue of sleep deprivation.

Keywords:

• type 2 diabetes mellitus
• nocturnal sleep
• obesity
• China

Data Sharing Statement

The dataset will be available from the corresponding author upon request unless there are legal or ethical reasons for not doing so.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Ye Zhou and Zheyi Xu for data collection. Miao Xu and Kaushik Chattopadhyay are co-first authors.

Disclosure

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Funding

The study was supported by the Major Program of Social Development of Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau (CN) (Grant No. 2019C50094) and the Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. 2020KY255).