The Prevalence of Diabetes, Prediabetes and Associated Risk Factors in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Objective

Little information is available on the prevalence and associated risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in the community located in Hangzhou city, Zhejiang Province, southeast China. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of adult diabetes and prediabetes and their associated risk factors among a community population in Hangzhou.

Methods

A multistage sampling method was used in this study. Ten communities located in Shangcheng district of Hangzhou city were selected, and 3096 permanent residents (resident for ≥6 months) aged 18 years and above were enrolled into this study. Finally, a total of 2986 participants were included. A questionnaire interview and physical examination were conducted for all participants by trained investigators in a local medical center. Anthropometric measurements covered height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure, while the blood tests included fasting blood glucose, an oral glucose tolerance test and fasting lipid profiles. The American Diabetes Association diabetes diagnosis criteria were used to discriminate among normal blood glucose, diabetes and prediabetes. The Rao–Scott adjusted χ² test and complex sampling design-based unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate factors associated with diabetes and prediabetes. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated in Stata version 15. P-values <0.05 indicate statistical significance.

Results

The overall prevalence of diabetes was 13.97%, of which 81.54% had prediagnosed diabetes and 18.46% were newly diagnosed with diabetes in the present study. The prevalence of prediabetes was 18.89%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age, education, once smoking, family history of diabetes, obesity, central obesity and hypertension were factors associated with diabetes, while age, smoking, drinking, central obesity and hypertension were significant factors related to prediabetes.

Conclusion

The prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in adults in Hangzhou city remains high. Interventions aiming to modify risk factors such as drinking, obesity, central obesity and hypertension are urgently required.

Keywords:

• diabetes
• prediabetes
• prevalence
• associated factors

Data Sharing Statement

To protect the participants’ identities, the dataset will not be shared.

Ethical Consideration

Ethical clearance and approval for this study was obtained from Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shangcheng District. Written consent was obtained from all participants after detailed clarification of the aim of the study. They had been given the right to refuse and assured of the confidentiality of the response. The privacy of the participants was kept by using unique codes. The outcomes of the laboratory results were delivered to the study participants and those in need of medical attention were recommended to visit health institutions. Participants’ informed consent included publication of anonymized responses, and that this study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Disclosure

Mingming Shi and Xiao Zhang are co-first authors for this study. The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.